![]() ![]() ![]() Their definition of Replacement, in particular, is very different to that held by many people today, who consider replacement to be solely the use of non-animal material. Refinement means any decrease in the incidence or severity of inhumane procedures applied to those animals which still have to be used. Reduction means reduction in the numbers of animals used to obtain information of a given amount or precision. Replacement means the substitution for conscious living higher animals of insentient material (Partial Replacement if animals are still used, and Total Replacement if animals are not used). Spanish version (thanks to Rafael Hernández González for the translation): this slide deck may be updated from time to time. If you would like the Powerpoint version to use in your teaching, please email Adrian Smith. William Russell and Rex Burch developed the concept of the 3Rs during the 1950s, and described them in their book The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique (1959):ĭownload a slide deck about the 3Rs (pdf). The PREPARE guidelines for planning animal research and testing contain links to many resources which can be used to improve applications for animal experiments and implement the 3Rs. ![]()
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